The absolute risk of an event is the likelihood of occurrence of that event in the population at risk.Ĭalculation. Using these data, we can calculate the values for a variety of terms, as illustrated in the sections that follow.Ĭoncept. During the trial, new-onset sexual dysfunction was identified in 8 patients treated with venlafaxine and in 3 patients treated with placebo. Whereas the terms may be applied slightly differently in different explanatory texts, the general principles are the same.Ĭonsider a hypothetical RCT in which 76 depressed patients were randomly assigned to receive either venlafaxine (n = 40) or placebo (n = 36) for 8 weeks. Nevertheless, similar principles operate when these concepts are applied in epidemiologic research. Readers may note that the explanations and examples provided apply mostly to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies. Whereas these and related terms have been well explained in many articles, 1-5 this article presents a version, with examples, that is meant to be both simple and practical. Many research papers present findings as odds ratios (ORs) and relative risks (RRs) as measures of effect size for categorical outcomes. © Copyright 2015 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
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